As mentioned, volume changes result from both steric changes and mass exchange. It is emphasized here that the impact of mass transport in the global water cycle on LSL is rather complex. All shift of mass in the water cycle changes the gravity field, and consequently impacts LSL everywhere over the ocean. Moreover, the shifting mass loads and deforms the solid Earth both elastically with an instantaneous response and viscous with a time-delayed response. The complex spatial and temporal pattern has the main feature that LSL close to a melting ice mass will fall, while in the far field, the LSL rise will be significantly larger than the global average.